Accessory tendon variation in a case of hallux rigidus

Halluks rigidus, birinci metatarsofalangeal eklemdeki dejeneratif artritin neden olduğu, ayak başparmağında sınırlı dorsifleksiyon (plantar şeksiyon göreceli olarak daha az kısıtlanmıştır) ve ağrı ile karakterize bir durumdur. Halluks rigidus nedeniyle opere edilen bir hastada aym zamanda birinci metatarsofalangeal eklemde aksesuar bir tendonun varlığı saptandı. Vakamızdaki aksesuar tendonun hem birinci metatarsofalangeal eklem kapsülünün medialine, hem de sağ ayak başparmağı proksimal falanksı’nın bazis’inin medialine yapıştığı tespit edildi. Hallux rigidus ile bu aksesuar tendonun birlikteliği daha önce bildirilmemişken halluks valgus ile olan birlikteliğinden söz edilmektedir. Bu aksesuar tendonun birinci metatarsofalangeal eklemin biyomekaniğinde oynadığı rol henüz yeterince açıklığa kavuşmamış olup ileri araştırmaları gerektirmektedirHallux rigidus is a condition caused by degenerative arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and characterized by pain and limited dorsiflexion of the great toe, but relatively unrestricted plantar flexion. In a patient who was operated for hallux rigidus it was also seen that first metatarsophalangeal jo int has got an accessory tendon. In our case the accessory tendon has been inserted to medial side of the capsule of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and also to medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of right hallux. Although in some studies coexistance of this variation with hallux valgus has been noted, coexistence ofthis tendon variation with hallux rigidus has not been reported before. The exact role of the accessory tendon on the biomechanics of first metatarsophalangeal joint is not clear enough and necessitates further investigation

Beneficial effects of melatonin and BQ-123 on the rat testis damage caused by cigarette smoke

Background/aim: Several studies have demonstrated that cigarette smoke has detrimental effects on testicular function. However, it is unknown whether melatonin or BQ-123 has beneficial effects on the rat testis damage caused by cigarette smoke. The aim of the present study was to investigate the beneficial effects of melatonin or BQ-123 on the testicular damage caused by cigarette smoke. Materials and methods: Twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: control group (n = 5), cigarette smoke group (n = 5), melatonin group (n = 5), and BQ-123 group (n = 5). At the end of 4 weeks, all the rats were sacrificed for histopathological evaluation and subsequent stereological analysis. The optical fractionator counting method, the most efficient and unbiased method, was used to estimate the total number of spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Results: All the control testes demonstrated complete spermatogenesis. There was a significant decrease in the germ cells of rats exposed to cigarette smoke for 4 weeks. After the application of melatonin or BQ-123, the total number of spermatogonia and spermatocytes in the testes was significantly higher. Conclusion: Based on these findings, melatonin and BQ-123 are able to minimize the degenerative effects of cigarette smoke by increasing the germ cell count.Gaziosmanpasa University Research FundGaziosmanpasa University [2006/19]This study was supported by Gaziosmanpasa University Research Fund Project no. 2006/19. We thank Dr Bahadir Ungor (rest in peace) for all his assistance

The macromoleculer oxidation in cerebellum of rat exposed to mk-801 and the protective effect of cape

Bu çalışmanın amacı MK-801 ile oluşan nörotoksisitede oksidatif stresin etkisini incelemek, oksidatif stresin önlenmesi ile prognozun düzelebileceğinin gösterilmesidir. MK-801 en nörotoksik NMDA reseptör antagonistlerinden biridir. Wistar Albino ratlar 3 gruba ayrıldı: l.grup: Kontrol, 2. grup: MK-80.T, 3. grup: MK- 801+CAPE. MK-801 beş gün intraperitoneal verildi. Tedavi grubuna MK-801’e maruzken CAPE verildi. Kontrol grubuna aynı sürede serum fizyolojik intraperitoneal verildi. 7 gün sonra ratlar dekapitasyonla öldürüldü. Serebellumları biyokimyasal analizler için çıkarıldı. Oksidatif stres parametresi olan Nitrik oksit (NO) yanı sıra Malondialdehit (MDA) ve Protein karbonil (PC) seviyeleri kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında MK-801 grubu serebellumunda anlamlı artmıştı. CAPE ile tedavi edilen grupta NO, MDA ve PC seviyesi MK-801 grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında ise anlamlı azaldı. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları serebellumda MK-801 ile oluşan nörotoksisitenin patogenesizinde oksidatif stresin önemli rolü olduğunu ortaya koydu. Bu deneysel çalışma aynı zamanda MK-801 ile oluşan nörotoksisite üzerine CAPE’nin koruyucu etkisi olabileceği yönünde bazı deliller sağlar.The aims of this study were to investigate the contribution effect of oxidative stress in MK-801 in¬duced neurotoxicity, and to show that prevention of oxida¬tive stress may improve prognosis. MK-801 was shown to be one of the most neurotoxic NMDA receptor antago¬nists. Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups: 1. group: control group, 2. group: MK-801, 3. group: MK- 801+CAPE group. MK-801 was given intraperitoneally for five days. CAPE was given to the treatment group while exposed MK-801. In control group, saline was given intraperitoneally at the same time. After 7 days, rats were killed by decapitation. Cerebellums were removed for bio¬chemical analyses. Malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, as well as nitric oxide levels as oxidative parameters, levels was found to be increased significantly in cerebellum of MK-801 group compared to control group. In CAPE treated rats, cerebellum tissue malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, nitric oxide levels were significantly decreased when compared to MK-801 groups. The results of this study revealed that oxidative stress in cerebellum may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MK-801- induced neuronal toxicity. This experimental study also provides some evidences for the protective effects of CAPE on MK-801-induced changes in cerebellum

The macromoleculer oxidation in cerebellum of rat exposed to mk-801 and the protective effect of cape

Bu çalışmanın amacı MK-801 ile oluşan nörotoksisitede oksidatif stresin etkisini incelemek, oksidatif stresin önlenmesi ile prognozun düzelebileceğinin gösterilmesidir. MK-801 en nörotoksik NMDA reseptör antagonistlerinden biridir. Wistar Albino ratlar 3 gruba ayrıldı: l.grup: Kontrol, 2. grup: MK-80.T, 3. grup: MK- 801+CAPE. MK-801 beş gün intraperitoneal verildi. Tedavi grubuna MK-801’e maruzken CAPE verildi. Kontrol grubuna aynı sürede serum fizyolojik intraperitoneal verildi. 7 gün sonra ratlar dekapitasyonla öldürüldü. Serebellumları biyokimyasal analizler için çıkarıldı. Oksidatif stres parametresi olan Nitrik oksit (NO) yanı sıra Malondialdehit (MDA) ve Protein karbonil (PC) seviyeleri kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında MK-801 grubu serebellumunda anlamlı artmıştı. CAPE ile tedavi edilen grupta NO, MDA ve PC seviyesi MK-801 grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında ise anlamlı azaldı. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları serebellumda MK-801 ile oluşan nörotoksisitenin patogenesizinde oksidatif stresin önemli rolü olduğunu ortaya koydu. Bu deneysel çalışma aynı zamanda MK-801 ile oluşan nörotoksisite üzerine CAPE’nin koruyucu etkisi olabileceği yönünde bazı deliller sağlar.The aims of this study were to investigate the contribution effect of oxidative stress in MK-801 in¬duced neurotoxicity, and to show that prevention of oxida¬tive stress may improve prognosis. MK-801 was shown to be one of the most neurotoxic NMDA receptor antago¬nists. Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups: 1. group: control group, 2. group: MK-801, 3. group: MK- 801+CAPE group. MK-801 was given intraperitoneally for five days. CAPE was given to the treatment group while exposed MK-801. In control group, saline was given intraperitoneally at the same time. After 7 days, rats were killed by decapitation. Cerebellums were removed for bio¬chemical analyses. Malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, as well as nitric oxide levels as oxidative parameters, levels was found to be increased significantly in cerebellum of MK-801 group compared to control group. In CAPE treated rats, cerebellum tissue malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, nitric oxide levels were significantly decreased when compared to MK-801 groups. The results of this study revealed that oxidative stress in cerebellum may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MK-801- induced neuronal toxicity. This experimental study also provides some evidences for the protective effects of CAPE on MK-801-induced changes in cerebellum